Rudyard Kipling - Biography and Publications

The Life of Rudyard Kipling:

The Poetry Foundation - http://www.poetryfoundation.org/bio/rudyard-kipling

Wikipedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudyard_Kipling

[From Wikipedia] Joseph Rudyard Kipling ( /ˈrʌdjəd ˈkɪplɪŋ/ rud-yəd kip-ling; 30 December 1865 – 18 January 1936) was an English poet, short-story writer, and novelist chiefly remembered for his celebration of British imperialism, tales and poems of British soldiers in India, and his tales for children. Kipling received the 1907 Nobel Prize for Literature. He was born in Bombay, in the Bombay Presidency of British India, and was taken by his family to England when he was five years old. Kipling is best known for his works of fiction, including The Jungle Book(a collection of stories which includes "Rikki-Tikki-Tavi"), Just So Stories (1902) (1894), Kim (1901) (a tale of adventure), many short stories, including "The Man Who Would Be King" (1888); and his poems, including Mandalay (1890), Gunga Din (1890), The White Man's Burden (1899) and If— (1910). He is regarded as a major "innovator in the art of the short story"; his children's books are enduring classics of children's literature; and his best works are said to exhibit "a versatile and luminous narrative gift".

Kipling was one of the most popular writers in England, in both prose and verse, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Henry James said: "Kipling strikes me personally as the most complete man of genius (as distinct from fine intelligence) that I have ever known." In 1907 he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature, making him the first English-language writer to receive the prize, and to date he remains its youngest recipient. Among other honours, he was sounded out for the British Poet Laureateship and on several occasions for a knighthood, all of which he declined.

Kipling's subsequent reputation has changed according to the political and social climate of the age and the resulting contrasting views about him continued for much of the 20th century. George Orwell called him a "prophet of British imperialism". Literary critic Douglas Kerr wrote: "He [Kipling] is still an author who can inspire passionate disagreement and his place in literary and cultural history is far from settled. But as the age of the European empires recedes, he is recognised as an incomparable, if controversial, interpreter of how empire was experienced. That, and an increasing recognition of his extraordinary narrative gifts, make him a force to be reckoned with."

Chronology of Rudyard Kipling http://ptmrot.com/KIPLING3/
	1865 Born in Bombay, where his father was a Professor of Architectural Sculpture at the Bombay School of Art.   1870 Rudyard and his younger sister are taken to England by his parents and placed in Calvinistic foster home were he is nagged, bullied and beaten. 1876 Rudyard's mother returns to England and discovers the mistreatment that her children had endured. Rudyard is removed from the foster home and he is sent to a private school called the United Services College.
1881 Schoolboy Lyrics published. 1882 Rudyard leaves school to return to India. His father, who was then the curator of the museum at Lahore, gets him a job as assistant editor of the English paper, The Civil and Military Gazette, which was published in that city. 1886 Departmental Ditties is published. 1887 After five years as sub-editor of the Civil and Military Gazette, Rudyard is sent to Allahabad, several hundred miles to the south, to work on the much more important sister-paper, The Pioneer. The proprietors were starting a weekly edition for home, and he was given the editorship. He publishes Soldier Tales, Indian Tales, and Tales of the Opposite Sex. Among them were such powerful and grusome stories as The Mark of the Beast and The Return of Imray. 1888 Publishes Plain Tales from the Hills his first work which explores the psychological and moral problems of the Anglo-Indians and their relationship with the people they had colonized. Also published are: Soldiers Three, The Story of the Gadsbys, In Black and White, Wee Wee Willie Winkie and Turn overs from "The Civil and Military Gazette"
1889 Rudyard leaves India for England and settles down in Villiers Street, Strand. 1890 The Courting of Dinah Shadd and Other Stories and The City of Dreadful Night are published. 1891 The Light that Failed, Letters of Marque and Life's Handicap are published. 1892 Barrack-Room Ballads, Rhymed Chapter Headings and The Naulahka are published. Rudyard marries Carolyn Balestier, the sister of Wolcott Balestier, who is an American. Because of his health breaking down, Rudyard and his wife settle down in Brattleboro, Vermont where his wife's family had long been established. Kipling's India (click to enlarge) 1893 Many Inventions is published. 1894 The Jungle Book is published. 1895 The Second Jungle Book is published. 1896 The Seven Seas and Soldier Tales is published. 1897 After a violent arguement with his in-laws, Rudyard and his wife move back to England and settles on a country estate. Captains Courageous is published. 1898 An Almanac of Twelve Sports,The Day's Work and A Fleet in Being are published. 1899 Rudyard goes to South Africa, in the midst of the defeats of the Boer War. His eldest daughter Josephine dies of measles. Stalky and Co. and From Sea to Sea are published. 1900 The Kipling Reader is published. 1901 Kim and War's Brighter Side are published. 1902 Just So Stories is published. 1903 The Five Nations is published. 1904 Traffics and Discoveries is published. 1906 Puck of Pook's Hill is published. 1907 Collected Verse is published. Rudyard Kipling becomes the first English author to recieve the Nobel Prize for Literature. 1909 Actions and Reactions is published. 1910 Rewards and Fairies is published. 1911 A History of England is published. Kipling's England (click to enlarge) 1912 Collected Verse (British edition) and Songs from Books is published. 1914 Rudyard emerges from seclusion as the official writer-up of the new armed forces of the Crown. 1915 The New Army in Training and France in War are published. "Mary Postgate." 1916 Rudyard's son is killed with the Irish Guards. Sea Warfare is published. 1917 A Diversity of Creatures is published. 1919 The Graves of the Fallen and The Years Between are published. 1920 Horace Odes, Book V and Letters of Travel are published. 1923 Elected Lord Rector of St. Andrews University. The Irish Guards in the Great War and Land and Sea are published. 1924 Songs for Youth is published. 1926 Sea and Sussex and Debits and Credits are published. 1927 Songs of the Sea is published. 1928 A Book of Words is published. 1929 Poems, 1886-1929 is published. 1930 Thy Servant A Dog is published. 1932 Limits and Renewals is published. 1934 Collected Dog Stories is published. 1936 January 18th Rudyard Kipling dies of a perforated duodenum. Authorial Progress of Kipling http://www.poetryfoundation.org/bio/rudyard-kipling Career Poet, essayist, novelist, journalist, and writer of short stories. Worked as a journalist for Civil and Military Gazette, Lahore, India, 1882-89; assistant editor and overseas correspondent for the Allahabad Pioneer, Allahabad, India, 1887-89; associate editor and correspondent for The Friend, Bloemfontein, South Africa, 1900, covering the Boer War. Rector of University of St. Andrews, 1922- 25. Bibliography POETRY Schoolboy Lyrics, privately printed, 1881. (With sister, Beatrice Kipling) Echoes: By Two Writers, Civil and Military Gazette Press (Lahore), 1884. Departmental Ditties and Other Verses, Civil and Military Gazette Press, 1886, 2nd edition, enlarged, Thacker, Spink (Calcutta), 1886, 3rd edition, further enlarged, 1888, 4th edition, still further enlarged, W. Thacker (London), 1890, deluxe edition, 1898. Departmental Ditties, Barrack-Room Ballads and Other Verses (contains the fifty poems of the fourth edition of Departmental Ditties and Other Verses and seventeen new poems later published as Ballads and Barrack-Room Ballads), United States Book Co., 1890, revised edition published as Departmental Ditties and Ballads and Barrack-Room Ballads, Doubleday McClure, 1899. Ballads and Barrack-Room Ballads, Macmillan, 1892, new edition, with additional poems, 1893, published as The Complete Barrack-Room Ballads of Rudyard Kipling, edited by Charles Carrington, Methuen, 1973, reprint published as Barrack Room Ballads and Other Verses, White Rose Press, 1987. The Rhyme of True Thomas, D. Appleton, 1894. The Seven Seas, D. Appleton, 1896, reprinted, Longwood Publishing Group, 1978. Recessional (Victorian ode in commemoration of Queen Victoria's Jubilee), M. F. Mansfield, 1897. Mandalay, drawings by Blanche McManus, M. F. Mansfield, 1898, reprinted, Doubleday, Page, 1921. The Betrothed, drawings by McManus, M. F. Mansfield and A. Wessells, 1899. Poems, Ballads, and Other Verses, illustrations by V. Searles, H. M. Caldwell, 1899. Belts, A. Grosset, 1899. Cruisers, Doubleday McClure, 1899. The Reformer, Doubleday, Page, 1901. The Lesson, Doubleday, Page, 1901. The Five Nations, Doubleday, Page, 1903. The Muse among the Motors, Doubleday, Page, 1904. The Sons of Martha, Doubleday, Page, 1907. The City of Brass, Doubleday, Page, 1909. Cuckoo Song, Doubleday, Page, 1909. A Patrol Song, Doubleday, Page, 1909. A Song of the English, illustrations by W. Heath Robinson, Doubleday, Page, 1909. If, Doubleday, Page, 1910, reprinted, Doubleday, 1959. The Declaration of London, Doubleday, Page, 1911. The Spies' March, Doubleday, Page, 1911. Three Poems (contains The River's Tale, The Roman Centurion Speaks, and The Pirates in England), Doubleday, Page, 1911. Songs from Books, Doubleday, Page, 1912. An Unrecorded Trial, Doubleday, Page, 1913. For All We Have and Are, Methuen, 1914. The Children's Song, Macmillan, 1914. A Nativity, Doubleday, Page, 1917. A Pilgrim's Way, Doubleday, Page, 1918. The Supports, Doubleday, Page, 1919. The Years Between, Doubleday, Page, 1919. The Gods of the Copybook Headings, Doubleday, Page, 1919, reprinted, 1921. The Scholars, Doubleday, Page, 1919. Great-Heart, Doubleday, Page, 1919. Danny Deever, Doubleday, Page, 1921. The King's Pilgrimage, Doubleday, Page, 1922. Chartres Windows, Doubleday, Page, 1925. A Choice of Songs, Doubleday, Page, 1925. Sea and Sussex, with an introductory poem by the author and illustrations by Donald Maxwell, Doubleday, Page, 1926. A Rector's Memory, Doubleday, Page, 1926. Supplication of the Black Aberdeen, illustrations by G. L. Stampa, Doubleday, Doran, 1929. The Church That Was at Antioch, Doubleday, Doran, 1929. The Tender Achilles, Doubleday, Doran, 1929. Unprofessional, Doubleday, Page, 1930. The Day of the Dead, Doubleday, Doran, 1930. Neighbours, Doubleday, Doran, 1932. The Storm Cone, Doubleday, Doran, 1932. His Apologies, illustrations by Cecil Aldin, Doubleday, Doran, 1932. The Fox Meditates, Doubleday, Doran, 1933. To the Companions, Doubleday, Doran, 1933. Bonfires on the Ice, Doubleday, Doran, 1933. Our Lady of the Sackcloth, Doubleday, Doran, 1935. Hymn of the Breaking Strain, Doubleday, Doran, 1935. Doctors, The Waster, The Flight, Cain and Abel, [and] The Appeal, Doubleday, Doran, 1939. A Choice of Kipling's Verse, selected and introduced by T. S. Eliot, Faber, 1941, Scribner, 1943. B.E.L., Doubleday, Doran, 1944. Poems of Rudyard Kipling, Avenel, 1995. SHORT STORIES In Black and White, A. H. Wheeler (Allahabad), 1888, 1st American edition, Lovell, 1890. Plain Tales from the Hills, Thacker, Spink, 1888 , 2nd edition, revised, 1889, 1st English edition, revised, Macmillan, 1890, 1st American edition, revised, Doubleday McClure, 1899, reprint edited by H. R. Woudhuysen, Penguin, 1987. The Phantom 'Rickshaw and Other Tales, A. H. Wheeler, 1888, revised edition, 1890, reprinted, Hurst, 1901. The Story of the Gadsbys: A Tale With No Plot, A. H. Wheeler, 1888, 1st American edition, Lovell, 1890. Soldiers Three: A Collection of Stories Setting Forth Certain Passages in the Lives and Adventures of Privates Terence Mulvaney, Stanley Ortheris, and John Learoyd, A. H. Wheeler, 1888, 1st American edition, revised, Lovell, 1890, reprinted, Belmont, 1962. Under the Deodars, A. H. Wheeler, 1888, 1st American edition, enlarged, Lovell, 1890. The Courting of Dinah Shadd and Other Stories, with a biographical and critical sketch by Andrew Lang, Harper, 1890, reprinted, Books for Libraries, 1971. His Private Honour, Macmillan, 1891. The Smith Administration, A. H. Wheeler, 1891. Mine Own People, introduction by Henry James, United States Book Co., 1891. Many Inventions, D. Appleton, 1893, reprinted, Macmillan, 1982. Mulvaney Stories, 1897, reprinted, Books for Libraries, 1971. The Day's Work, Doubleday McClure, 1898, reprinted, Books for Libraries, 1971, reprinted with introduction by Constantine Phipps, Penguin, 1988. The Drums of the Fore and Aft, illustrations by L. J. Bridgman, Brentano's, 1898. The Man Who Would Be King, Brentano's, 1898. Black Jack, F. T. Neely, 1899. Without Benefit of Clergy, Doubleday McClure, 1899. The Brushwood Boy, illustrations by Orson Lowell, Doubleday & McClure, 1899, reprinted, with illustrations by F. H. Townsend, Doubleday, Page, 1907. Railway Reform in Great Britain, Doubleday, Page, 1901. Traffics and Discoveries, Doubleday, Page, 1904, reprinted, Penguin, 1987. They, Scribner, 1904. Abaft the Funnel, Doubleday, Page, 1909. Actions and Reactions, Doubleday, Page, 1909. A Diversity of Creatures, Doubleday, Page, 1917, reprinted, Macmillan, 1966, reprinted, Penguin, 1994. "The Finest Story in the World" and Other Stories, Little Leather Library, 1918. Debits and Credits, Doubleday, Page, 1926, reprinted, Macmillan, 1965. Thy Servant a Dog, Told by Boots, illustrations by Marguerite Kirmse, Doubleday, Doran, 1930. Beauty Spots, Doubleday, Doran, 1931. Limits and Renewals, Doubleday, Doran, 1932. The Pleasure Cruise, Doubleday, Doran, 1933. Collected Dog Stories, illustrations by Kirmse, Doubleday, Doran, 1934. Ham and the Porcupine, Doubleday, Doran, 1935. Teem: A Treasure-Hunter, Doubleday, Doran, 1935. The Maltese Cat: A Polo Game of the 'Nineties, illustrations by Lionel Edwards, Doubleday, Doran, 1936. "Thy Servant a Dog" and Other Dog Stories, illustrations by G. L. Stampa, Macmillan, 1938, reprinted, 1982. Their Lawful Occasions, White Rose Press, 1987. John Brunner Presents Kipling's Science Fiction: Stories, T. Doherty Associates (New York, NY), 1992. John Brunner Presents Kipling's Fantasy: Stories, T. Doherty Associates (New York, NY), 1992. The Man Who Would Be King, and Other Stories, Dover, 1994. The Science Fiction Stories of Rudyard Kipling, Carol, 1994. Collected Stories, edited by John Brunner, Knopf, 1994. The Works of Rudyard Kipling, Longmeadow Press, 1995. The Haunting of Holmescraft, Books of Wonder (New York, NY), 1998. The Mark of the Beast, and Other Horror Tales, Dover Publications (Mineola, NY), 2000. The Metaphysical Kipling, Aeon (Mamaroneck, NY), 2000. L. L. Owens, Tales of Rudyard Kipling: Retold Timeless Classics, Perfection Learning (Logan, IA), 2000. Craig Raine, editor and author of introduction, Selected Stories of Rudyard Kipling, Modern Library (New York, NY), 2002. NOVELS The Light That Failed, J. B. Lippincott, 1891, revised edition, Macmillan, 1891, reprinted, Penguin, 1988. (With Wolcott Balestier) The Naulahka: A Story of West and East, Macmillan, 1892, reprinted, Doubleday, Page, 1925. Kim, illustrations by father, J. Lockwood Kipling, Doubleday, Page, 1901, new edition, with illustrations by Stuart Tresilian, Macmillan, 1958, reprinted, with introduction by Alan Sandison, Oxford University Press, 1987. CHILDREN'S BOOKS "Wee Willie Winkie" and Other Child Stories, A. H. Wheeler, 1888, 1st American edition, Lovell, 1890, reprinted, Penguin, 1988. The Jungle Book (short stories and poems; also see below), illustrations by John Lockwood Kipling, W. H. Drake, and P. Frenzeny, Macmillan, 1894, adapted and abridged by Anne L. Nelan, with illustrations by Earl Thollander, Fearon, 1967 , reprinted, with illustrations by John Lockwood Kipling and Drake, Macmillan, 1982, adapted by G. C. Barrett, with illustrations by Don Daily, Courage Books, 1994, reprinted, with illustrations by Fritz Eichenberg, Grosset Dunlap, 1995, reprinted, with illustrations by Kurt Wiese, Knopf, 1994. The Second Jungle Book (short stories and poems), illustrations by John Lockwood Kipling, Century Co., 1895, reprinted, Macmillan, 1982. "Captains Courageous": A Story of the Grand Banks, Century Co., 1897, abridged edition, illustrated by Rafaello Busoni, Hart Publishing, 1960, reprinted, with an afterword by C. A. Bodelsen, New American Library, 1981, reprinted, Oxford University Press, 1995. Stalky Co. (short stories), Doubleday McClure, 1899, reprinted, Bantam, 1985, new and abridged edition, Pendulum Press, 1977. Just So Stories for Little Children (short stories and poems), illustrations by the author, Doubleday, Page, 1902, reprinted, Silver Burdett, 1986, revised edition, edited by Lisa Lewis, Oxford University Press, 1995, reprinted, with illustrations by Barry Moser, Books of Wonder, 1996. Puck of Pook's Hill (short stories and poems), Doubleday, 1906, reprinted, New American Library, 1988. Rewards and Fairies (short stories and poems), illustrations by Frank Craig, Doubleday, Page, 1910, revised edition, with illustrations by Charles E. Brock, Macmillan, 1926, reprinted, Penguin, 1988. Toomai of the Elephants, Macmillan, 1937. The Miracle of Purun Bhagat, Creative Education, 1985. Gunga Din, Harcourt, 1987. Mowgli Stories from "The Jungle Book," illustrated by Thea Kliros, Dover, 1994. The Elephant's Child, illustrated by John A. Rowe, North-South Books, 1995. The Beginning of the Armadillos, illustrated by John A. Rowe, North-South Books, 1995. Thomas Pinney, editor and author of introduction, The Jungle Play, Allen Lane/Penguin Press (New York, NY), 2000. How the Camel Got His Hump, North-South Books (New York, NY), 2001. The Classic Tale of the Jungle Book: A Young Reader's Edition of the Classic Story, Courage Books (Philadelphia, PA), 2003. TRAVEL WRITINGS Letters of Marque (also see below), A. H. Wheeler, 1891. American Notes, M. J. Ivers, 1891, reprinted, Ayer Co., 1974, revised edition published as American Notes: Rudyard Kipling's West, University of Oklahoma Press, 1981. From Sea to Sea and Other Sketches, two volumes, Doubleday & McClure, 1899, published as one volume, Doubleday, Page, 1909, reprinted, 1925. Letters to the Family: Notes on a Recent Trip to Canada, Macmillan of Canada, 1908. Letters of Travel, 1892-1913, Doubleday, Page, 1920. Land and Sea Tales for Scouts and Guides, Macmillan (London), 1923, published as Land and Sea Tales for Boys and Girls, Doubleday, Page, 1923. Souvenirs of France, Macmillan, 1933. Brazilian Sketches, Doubleday, Doran, 1940. Letters from Japan, edited with an introduction and notes by Donald Richie and Yoshimori Harashima, Kenkyusha, 1962. NAVAL AND MILITARY WRITINGS A Fleet in Being: Notes of Two Trips With the Channel Squadron, Macmillan, 1899. The Army of a Dream, Doubleday, Page, 1904, reprinted, White Rose Press, 1987. The New Army, Doubleday, Page, 1914. The Fringes of the Fleet, Doubleday, Page, 1915. France at War: On the Frontier of Civilization, Doubleday, Page, 1915. Sea Warfare, Macmillan, 1916, Doubleday, Page, 1917. Tales of "The Trade," Doubleday, Page, 1916. The Eyes of Asia, Doubleday, Page, 1918. The Irish Guards, Doubleday, Page, 1918. The Graves of the Fallen, Imperial War Graves Commission, 1919. The Feet of the Young Men, photographs by Lewis R. Freeman, Doubleday, Page, 1920. The Irish Guards in the Great War: Edited and Compiled from Their Diaries and Papers, two volumes, Doubleday, Page, 1923, Volume I: The First Battalion, Volume II: The Second Battalion and Appendices. OTHER The City of Dreadful Night and Other Places (articles; also see below), A. H. Wheeler, 1891. Out of India: Things I Saw, and Failed to See, in Certain Days and Nights at Jeypore and Elsewhere (includes The City of Dreadful Night and Other Places and Letters of Marque), Dillingham, 1895. (With Charles R. L. Fletcher) A History of England, Doubleday, Page, 1911, published as Kipling's Pocket History of England, with illustrations by Henry Ford, Greenwich, 1983. How Shakespeare Came to Write "The Tempest," introduction by Ashley H. Thorndike, Dramatic Museum of Columbia University, 1916. London Town: November 11, 1918-1923, Doubleday, Page, 1923. The Art of Fiction, J. A. Allen, 1926. A Book of Words: Selections from Speeches and Addresses Delivered between 1906 and 1927, Doubleday, Doran, 1928. Mary Kingsley, Doubleday, Doran, 1932. Proofs of Holy Writ, Doubleday, Doran, 1934. Something of Myself for My Friends Known and Unknown (autobiography), Doubleday, Doran, 1937, reprinted, Penguin Classics, 1989. Rudyard Kipling to Rider Haggard: The Record of a Friendship, edited by Morton Cohen, Hutchinson, 1965. The Portable Kipling, edited by Irving Howe, Viking, 1982. "O Beloved Kids": Rudyard Kipling's Letters to His Children, selected and edited by Elliot L. Gilbert, Harcourt, 1984. The Letters of Rudyard Kipling, Vols. 1-3, edited by Thomas Pinney, University of Iowa Press (Iowa City, IA), 1990. Writings of Literature by Rudyard Kipling, edited by Sandra Kemp and Lisa Lewis, Cambridge University Press, 1995. Writings on Writing, edited by Kemp and Lewis, Cambridge University Press, 1996. Also author of The Harbor Watch (one-act play; unpublished), 1913, and The Return of Imray (play; unpublished), 1914. Many of Kipling's works first appeared in periodicals, including four Anglo-Indian newspapers, the Civil and Military Gazette, the Pioneer, Pioneer News, Week's News; the Scots Observer and its successor, the National Observer; London Morning Post, the London Times, the English Illustrated Magazine, Macmillan's Magazine, McClure's Magazine, Pearson's Magazine, Spectator, Atlantic, Ladies' Home Journal, and Harper's Weekly. The recently discovered short story "Scylla and Charybdis" was published in the Spring, 2004 issue of the Kipling Society Journal. His works are collected in more than one hundred omnibus volumes. Collections of his papers may be found in many libraries, including the Houghton Library at Harvard University, the New York Public Library, the Library of Congress, and the Pierpoint Morgan Library.

Rudyard Kipling - Words to his Son in the poem "If"

Rudyard Kipling, c. 1865-1936

IF

by Rudyard Kipling

If you can keep your head when all about you
Are losing theirs and blaming it on you;
If you can trust yourself when all men doubt you,
But make allowance for their doubting too:
If you can wait and not be tired by waiting,
Or, being lied about, don't deal in lies,
Or being hated don't give way to hating,
And yet don't look too good, nor talk too wise;

If you can dream---and not make dreams your master;
If you can think---and not make thoughts your aim,
If you can meet with Triumph and Disaster
And treat those two impostors just the same:.
If you can bear to hear the truth you've spoken
Twisted by knaves to make a trap for fools,
Or watch the things you gave your life to, broken,
And stoop and build'em up with worn-out tools;

If you can make one heap of all your winnings
And risk it on one turn of pitch-and-toss,
And lose, and start again at your beginnings,
And never breathe a word about your loss:
If you can force your heart and nerve and sinew
To serve your turn long after they are gone,
And so hold on when there is nothing in you
Except the Will which says to them: "Hold on!"

If you can talk with crowds and keep your virtue,
Or walk with Kings---nor lose the common touch,
If neither foes nor loving friends can hurt you,
If all men count with you, but none too much:
If you can fill the unforgiving minute
With sixty seconds' worth of distance run,
Yours is the Earth and everything that's in it,
And---which is more---you'll be a Man, my son!

* * * * * * * * * * *

Death of Rudyard's Son

Wikipedia excerpt

Kipling actively encouraged his young son to go to war. Kipling's son John died in the First World War, at the Battle of Loos in September 1915, at age 18. John had initially wanted to join the Royal Navy, but having had his application turned down after a failed medical examination due to poor eyesight, he opted to apply for military service as an Army officer. But again, his eyesight was an issue during the medical examination. In fact, he tried twice to enlist, but was rejected. His father had been lifelong friends with Lord Roberts, commander-in-chief of the British Army, and colonel of the Irish Guards, and at Rudyard's request, John was accepted into the Irish Guards.[65]

He was sent to Loos two days into the battle in a reinforcement contingent. He was last seen stumbling through the mud blindly, screaming in agony after an exploding shell had ripped his face apart. A body identified as his was not found until 1992, although that identification has been challenged.[69][70]

After his son's death, Kipling wrote, "If any question why we died/ Tell them, because our fathers lied." It is speculated that these words may reveal his feelings of guilt at his role in getting John a commission in the Irish Guards.[71] Others such as English professor Tracy Bilsing contend that the line is referring to Kipling's disgust that British leaders failed to learn the lessons of the Boer War, and were not prepared for the struggle with Germany in 1914 with the "lie" of the "fathers" being that the British Army was prepared for any war before 1914 when it was not.[72]

John's death has been linked to Kipling's 1916 poem "My Boy Jack", notably in the play My Boy Jack and its subsequent television adaptation, along with the documentary Rudyard Kipling: A Remembrance Tale. However, the poem was originally published at the head of a story about the Battle of Jutland and appears to refer to a death at sea; the 'Jack' referred to is probably a generic 'Jack Tar'.[73] Kipling was said to help assuage his grief over the death of his son through reading the novels of Jane Austen aloud to his wife and daughter.[74]

for more discussion go to -

Rudyard Kipling - A School Song (Prelude to "Stalky & Co.")

The closing lines of John's last letter to his father Rudyard Kipling
(Copyright National Trust from the Rudyard Kipling Papers, University of Sussex Library)

Archive helps to tell tragic story of Kipling's soldier son

The final letter from Rudyard Kipling's soldier son, killed in World War I, is among key items from the University of Sussex to feature in a major new exhibition at the Imperial War Museum, London.

The scribbled three-page note is addressed to "Dear F" and is dated 25 September, 1915, two days before John was killed in the Battle of Loos. John (or Jack, as he was known), tells his father he is about to march to the front-line trenches for "the great effort to break through and end the war". He writes of pouring rain, incessant gunfire, the trenches and long marches. He writes:

"You have no idea what enormous issues depend on these next few days"

and signs off:

"Well so long old dears. Dear love. John".

The poignant letter is one of 20 items (from the University's Kipling papers, held in Special Collections in the Library) to appear in the My Boy Jack exhibition, which opened at the museum this week (Tuesday 6 November).

Other items from the University's Kipling papers to feature in the exhibition include:

• Letters of condolence to Rudyard Kipling from Sherlock Holmes author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle and U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt (who both lost sons in the WWI), King George V and Queen Mary;

• Personal items from John's childhood, including a letter from Rudyard Kipling saying he must do better at school, from 1913;

• Copy of Just So stories dedicated to Kipling's daughter Elsie and to John (on the title page "by Rudyard Kipling" is crossed out and replaced with "Their Daddy")

Karen Watson, Senior Library Assistant (Special Collections), who helped to supervise the University's contribution to the exhibition, says: "I think the exhibition was very poignant. It shows how much of a family man Rudyard Kipling was and what great lengths he went to to find out what happened to his son."

The exhibition coincides with the screening of a major TV drama, My Boy Jack, starring Daniel Radcliffe, David Haig and Kim Cattrall, on Remembrance Sunday (11 November, 9pm). It was written by actor David Haig, who plays Rudyard Kipling, opposite Daniel Radcliffe (Harry Potter) as his son John and Sex and the City star Kim Cattrall as Kipling's American wife, Carrie.

Both the exhibition and drama tell the story of how Kipling (who lived in Sussex) helped his teenage only son to gain a commission in the Irish Guards and fight in World War I. Posted to France on his 18th birthday, John went missing six weeks later in his first action, at the Battle of Loos in September 1915. He had previously been declared medically unfit for active service due to severe short-sightedness. The story then follows the grief-stricken efforts of the Kiplings to find their son and to finally accept in 1919 that he had died.

The Kiplings were among the millions of parents who lost sons in the Great War. Many remained missing, with no known grave. In 1992, the Commonwealth War Graves Commission announced that the grave of an 'unknown Irish Guards Lieutenant' was in fact that of John. The exhibition will conclude with an examination of new evidence that strongly disputes this.

The exhibition runs at the Imperial War Museum, London, until 24 February 2008. Entrance is free.

Rudyard Kipling - The Elephant's Child

The Elephant’s Child

by Rudyard Kipling, Just So Stories, 1962

IN the High and Far-Off Times the Elephant, O Best Beloved, had no trunk. He had only a blackish, bulgy nose, as big as a boot, that he could wriggle about from side to side; but he couldn't pick up things with it. But there was one Elephant--a new Elephant--an Elephant's Child--who was full of 'satiable curtiosity, and that means he asked ever so many questions. And he lived in Africa, and he filled all Africa with his 'satiable curtiosities. He asked his tall aunt, the Ostrich, why her tail-feathers grew just so, and his tall aunt the Ostrich spanked him with her hard, hard claw. He asked his tall uncle, the Giraffe, what made his skin spotty, and his tall uncle, the Giraffe, spanked him with his hard, hard hoof. And still he was full of 'satiable curtiosity! He asked his broad aunt, the Hippopotamus, why her eyes were red, and his broad aunt, the Hippopotamus, spanked him with her broad, broad hoof; and he asked his hairy uncle, the Baboon, why melons tasted just so, and his hairy uncle, the Baboon, spanked him with his hairy, hairy paw. And still he was full of 'satiable curtiosity! He asked questions about everything that he saw, or heard, or felt, or smelt, or touched, and all his uncles and his aunts spanked him. And still he was full of 'satiable curtiosity!

One fine morning in the middle of the Precession of the Equinoxes this 'satiable Elephant's Child asked a new fine question that he had never asked before. He asked, 'What does the Crocodile have for dinner?' Then everybody said, 'Hush!' in a loud and dretful tone, and they spanked him immediately and directly, without stopping, for a long time.

By and by, when that was finished, he came upon Kolokolo Bird sitting in the middle of a wait-a-bit thorn-bush, and he said, 'My father has spanked me, and my mother has spanked me; all my aunts and uncles have spanked me for my 'satiable curtiosity; and still I want to know what the Crocodile has for dinner!'

Then Kolokolo Bird said, with a mournful cry, 'Go to the banks of the great grey-green, greasy Limpopo River, all set about with fever-trees, and find out.'

That very next morning, when there was nothing left of the Equinoxes, because the Precession had preceded according to precedent, this 'satiable Elephant's Child took a hundred pounds of bananas (the little short red kind), and a hundred pounds of sugar-cane (the long purple kind), and seventeen melons (the greeny-crackly kind), and said to all his dear families, 'Goodbye. I am going to the great grey-green, greasy Limpopo River, all set about with fever-trees, to find out what the Crocodile has for dinner.' And they all spanked him once more for luck, though he asked them most politely to stop.

Then he went away, a little warm, but not at all astonished, eating melons, and throwing the rind about, because he could not pick it up.

He went from Graham's Town to Kimberley, and from Kimberley to Khama's Country, and from Khama's Country he went east by north, eating melons all the time, till at last he came to the banks of the great grey-green, greasy Limpopo River, all set about with fever-trees, precisely as Kolokolo Bird had said.

Now you must know and understand, O Best Beloved, that till that very week, and day, and hour, and minute, this 'satiable Elephant's Child had never seen a Crocodile, and did not know what one was like. It was all his 'satiable curtiosity.

The first thing that he found was a Bi-Coloured-Python-Rock-Snake curled round a rock.

''Scuse me,' said the Elephant's Child most politely, 'but have you seen such a thing as a Crocodile in these promiscuous parts?'

'Have I seen a Crocodile?' said the Bi-Coloured-Python-Rock-Snake, in a voice of dretful scorn. 'What will you ask me next?'

''Scuse me,' said the Elephant's Child, 'but could you kindly tell me what he has for dinner?'

Then the Bi-Coloured-Python-Rock-Snake uncoiled himself very quickly from the rock, and spanked the Elephant's Child with his scalesome, flailsome tail.

'That is odd,' said the Elephant's Child, 'because my father and my mother, and my uncle and my aunt, not to mention my other aunt, the Hippopotamus, and my other uncle, the Baboon, have all spanked me for my 'satiable curtiosity--and I suppose this is the same thing.'

So he said good-bye very politely to the Bi-Coloured-Python-Rock-Snake, and helped to coil him up on the rock again, and went on, a little warm, but not at all astonished, eating melons, and throwing the rind about, because he could not pick it up, till he trod on what he thought was a log of wood at the very edge of the great grey-green, greasy Limpopo River, all set about with fever-trees.

But it was really the Crocodile, O Best Beloved, and the Crocodile winked one eye--like this!

''Scuse me,' said the Elephant's Child most politely, 'but do you happen to have seen a Crocodile in these promiscuous parts?'

Then the Crocodile winked the other eye, and lifted half his tail out of the mud; and the Elephant's Child stepped back most politely, because he did not wish to be spanked again.

'Come hither, Little One,' said the Crocodile. 'Why do you ask such things?'

''Scuse me,' said the Elephant's Child most politely, 'but my father has spanked me, my mother has spanked me, not to mention my tall aunt, the Ostrich, and my tall uncle, the Giraffe, who can kick ever so hard, as well as my broad aunt, the Hippopotamus, and my hairy uncle, the Baboon, and including the Bi-Coloured-Python-Rock-Snake, with the scalesome, flailsome tail, just up the bank, who spanks harder than any of them; and so, if it's quite all the same to you, I don't want to be spanked any more.'

'Come hither, Little One,' said the Crocodile, 'for I am the Crocodile,' and he wept crocodile-tears to show it was quite true.

Then the Elephant's Child grew all breathless, and panted, and kneeled down on the bank and said, 'You are the very person I have been looking for all these long days. Will you please tell me what you have for dinner?'

'Come hither, Little One,' said the Crocodile, 'and I'll whisper.'

Then the Elephant's Child put his head down close to the Crocodile's musky, tusky mouth, and the Crocodile caught him by his little nose, which up to that very week, day, hour, and minute, had been no bigger than a boot, though much more useful.

'I think,' said the Crocodile--and he said it between his teeth, like this--'I think to-day I will begin with Elephant's Child!'

At this, O Best Beloved, the Elephant's Child was much annoyed, and he said, speaking through his nose, like this, 'Led go! You are hurtig be!'

THIS is the Elephant's Child having his nose pulled by the Crocodile. He is much surprised and astonished and hurt, and he is talking through his nose and saying, 'Led go! You are hurtig be!' He is pulling very hard, and so is the Crocodile: but the Bi-Coloured-Python-Rock-Snake is hurrying through the water to help the Elephant's Child. All that black stuff is the banks of the great grey-green greasy Limpopo River (but I am not allowed to paint these pictures), and the bottly-tree with the twisty roots and the eight leaves is one of the fever-trees that grow there.

Underneath the truly picture are shadows of African animals walking into an African ark. There are two lions, two ostriches, two oxen, two camels, two sheep, and two other things that look like rats, but I think they are rock-rabbits. They don't mean anything. I put them in because I thought they looked pretty. They would look very fine if I were allowed to paint them.

Then the Bi-Coloured-Python-Rock-Snake scuffled down from the bank and said, 'My young friend, if you do not now, immediately and instantly, pull as hard as ever you can, it is my opinion that your acquaintance in the large-pattern leather ulster' (and by this he meant the Crocodile) 'will jerk you into yonder limpid stream before you can say Jack Robinson.'

This is the way Bi-Coloured-Python-Rock-Snakes always talk.

Then the Elephant's Child sat back on his little haunches, and pulled, and pulled, and pulled, and his nose began to stretch. And the Crocodile floundered into the water, making it all creamy with great sweeps of his tail, and he pulled, and pulled, and pulled.

And the Elephant's Child's nose kept on stretching; and the Elephant's Child spread all his little four legs and pulled, and pulled, and pulled, and his nose kept on stretching; and the Crocodile threshed his tail like an oar, and he pulled, and pulled, and pulled, and at each pull the Elephant's Child's nose grew longer and longer--and it hurt him hijjus!

Then the Elephant's Child felt his legs slipping, and he said through his nose, which was now nearly five feet long, 'This is too butch for be!'

Then the Bi-Coloured-Python-Rock-Snake came down from the bank, and knotted himself in a double-clove-hitch round the Elephant's Child's hind legs, and said, 'Rash and inexperienced traveller, we will now seriously devote ourselves to a little high tension, because if we do not, it is my impression that yonder self-propelling man-of-war with the armour-plated upper deck' (and by this, O Best Beloved, he meant the Crocodile), 'will permanently vitiate your future career.'

That is the way all Bi-Coloured-Python-Rock-Snakes always talk.

So he pulled, and the Elephant's Child pulled, and the Crocodile pulled; but the Elephant's Child and the Bi-Coloured-Python-Rock-Snake pulled hardest; and at last the Crocodile let go of the Elephant's Child's nose with a plop that you could hear all up and down the Limpopo.

Then the Elephant's Child sat down most hard and sudden; but first he was careful to say 'Thank you' to the Bi-Coloured-Python-Rock-Snake; and next he was kind to his poor pulled nose, and wrapped it all up in cool banana leaves, and hung it in the great grey-green, greasy Limpopo to cool.

'What are you doing that for?' said the Bi-Coloured-Python-Rock-Snake.

''Scuse me,' said the Elephant's Child, 'but my nose is badly out of shape, and I am waiting for it to shrink.'

'Then you will have to wait a long time,' said the Bi-Coloured-Python-Rock-Snake. 'Some people do not know what is good for them.'

The Elephant's Child sat there for three days waiting for his nose to shrink. But it never grew any shorter, and, besides, it made him squint. For, O Best Beloved, you will see and understand that the Crocodile had pulled it out into a really truly trunk same as all Elephants have to-day.

At the end of the third day a fly came and stung him on the shoulder, and before he knew what he was doing he lifted up his trunk and hit that fly dead with the end of it.

''Vantage number one!' said the Bi-Coloured-Python-Rock-Snake. 'You couldn't have done that with a mere-smear nose. Try and eat a little now.'

Before he thought what he was doing the Elephant's Child put out his trunk and plucked a large bundle of grass, dusted it clean against his fore-legs, and stuffed it into his own mouth.

'Vantage number two!' said the Bi-Coloured-Python-Rock-Snake. 'You couldn't have done that with a mere-smear nose. Don't you think the sun is very hot here?'

'It is,' said the Elephant's Child, and before he thought what he was doing he schlooped up a schloop of mud from the banks of the great grey-green, greasy Limpopo, and slapped it on his head, where it made a cool schloopy-sloshy mud-cap all trickly behind his ears.

''Vantage number three!' said the Bi-Coloured-Python-Rock-Snake. 'You couldn't have done that with a mere-smear nose. Now how do you feel about being spanked again?'

''Scuse me,' said the Elephant's Child, 'but I should not like it at all.'

'How would you like to spank somebody?' said the Bi- Coloured-Python-Rock-Snake.

'I should like it very much indeed,' said the Elephant's Child.

'Well,' said the Bi-Coloured-Python-Rock-Snake, 'you will find that new nose of yours very useful to spank people with.'

'Thank you,' said the Elephant's Child, 'I'll remember that; and now I think I'll go home to all my dear families and try.'

So the Elephant's Child went home across Africa frisking and whisking his trunk. When he wanted fruit to eat he pulled fruit down from a tree, instead of waiting for it to fall as he used to do. When he wanted grass he plucked grass up from the ground, instead of going on his knees as he used to do. When the flies bit him he broke off the branch of a tree and used it as fly-whisk; and he made himself a new, cool, slushy-squshy mud-cap whenever the sun was hot. When he felt lonely walking through Africa he sang to himself down his trunk, and the noise was louder than several brass bands. 

THIS is just a picture of the Elephant's Child going to pull bananas off a banana-tree after he had got his fine new long trunk. I don't think it is a very nice picture; but I couldn't make it any better, because elephants and bananas are hard to draw. The streaky things behind the Elephant's Child mean squoggy marshy country somewhere in Africa. The Elephant's Child made most of his mud-cakes out of the mud that he found there. I think it would look better if you painted the banana-tree green and the Elephant's Child red.

He went especially out of his way to find a broad Hippopotamus (she was no relation of his), and he spanked her very hard, to make sure that the Bi-Coloured-Python-Rock-Snake had spoken the truth about his new trunk. The rest of the time he picked up the melon rinds that he had dropped on his way to the Limpopo--for he was a Tidy Pachyderm.

One dark evening he came back to all his dear families, and he coiled up his trunk and said, 'How do you do?' They were very glad to see him, and immediately said, 'Come here and be spanked for your 'satiable curtiosity.'

'Pooh,' said the Elephant's Child. 'I don't think you peoples know anything about spanking; but I do, and I'll show you.' Then he uncurled his trunk and knocked two of his dear brothers head over heels.

'O Bananas!' said they, 'where did you learn that trick, and what have you done to your nose?'

'I got a new one from the Crocodile on the banks of the great grey-green, greasy Limpopo River,' said the Elephant's Child. 'I asked him what he had for dinner, and he gave me this to keep.'

'It looks very ugly,' said his hairy uncle, the Baboon.

'It does,' said the Elephant's Child. 'But it's very useful,' and he picked up his hairy uncle, the Baboon, by one hairy leg, and hove him into a hornet's nest.

Then that bad Elephant's Child spanked all his dear families for a long time, till they were very warm and greatly astonished. He pulled out his tall Ostrich aunt's tail-feathers; and he caught his tall uncle, the Giraffe, by the hind-leg, and dragged him through a thorn-bush; and he shouted at his broad aunt, the Hippopotamus, and blew bubbles into her ear when she was sleeping in the water after meals; but he never let any one touch Kolokolo Bird.

At last things grew so exciting that his dear families went off one by one in a hurry to the banks of the great grey-green, greasy Limpopo River, all set about with fever-trees, to borrow new noses from the Crocodile. When they came back nobody spanked anybody any more; and ever since that day, O Best Beloved, all the Elephants you will ever see, besides all those that you won't, have trunks precisely like the trunk of the 'satiable Elephant's Child.

I keep six honest serving-men:
    (They taught me all I knew)
Their names are What and Where and When
    And How and Why and Who.
I send them over land and sea,
    I send them east and west;
But after they have worked for me,
    I give them all a rest.

I let them rest from nine till five.
    For I am busy then,
As well as breakfast, lunch, and tea,
    For they are hungry men:
But different folk have different views:
    I know a person small--
She keeps ten million serving-men,
    Who get no rest at all!
She sends 'em abroad on her own affairs,
    From the second she opens her eyes--
One million Hows, two million Wheres,
    And seven million Whys!